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By Kevin McAleer, 4 Minutes
âRobotâ was first applied as a term for artificial automata in the 1920 play R.U.R. by the Czech writer
However, Josef Äapek was named by his brother Karel as the true inventor of the term robot.
The word ârobotâ itself was not new, having been in the Slavic language as robota (forced labor), a term applied to peasants obligated to compulsory service under the feudal system.
Äapekâs fictional story postulated the technological creation of artificial human bodies without souls, and the old theme of the feudal robota class eloquently fit the imagination of a new class of manufactured, artificial workers.
Ismail al-Jazari, 12 Century
ââŠis quite likely that it was an early programmable automata. It has a programmable drum machine with pegs (cams) that bump into little levers that operated the percussion.â
The hand-washing automaton with a flush mechanism designed by al-Jazari.
A Musical Toy from a copy of al-Jazariâs treatise on automata, Kitab fi maâari-fat al-hiyal al-handasiya (1206 C.E.) Early 14th century (1315).
Also known as Automatons - From the greek neuter âacting of oneâs own willâ.
A postulated interior of the Duck of Vaucanson (1738-1739) 1.
Automaton in the Swiss Museum CIMA 2.
One of the first programmable robots 3. The Writer was built in the 1770s using 6,000 moving parts by Pierre Jaquet-Droz, his son Henri-Louis, and Jean-Frédéric Leschot.
Often little more than curiosities and show pieces
In 1928, one of the first humanoid robots âEricâ (brother to George) was exhibited at the annual exhibition of Model Engineers Society in London.
W. H. Richards with âGeorgeâ, 1932 4
Elektro the Moto-Man and his Little Dog Sparko. 5
Created by Westinghouse Electric Company for the 1939 Worldâs Fair. He could:
Elektroâs body consisted of a steel gear, cam and motor skeleton covered by an aluminum skin. His photoelectric âeyesâ could distinguish red and green light. Pictured here with Sparko
Android robots look like humans, Non-humanoid robots can be any shape
K.I.T.T. (Knight Industries Two Thousand) - a fictional non-humanoid robot 6
EveR-2, the first android that has the ability to sing 7
The term was coined by Isaac Asimov in 1941.
The three laws of Robotics:
Isaac Asimov, 1942 from the short story âRunaroundâ
By A. Konby (?) - Internet Archive, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=793187Â ↩
By Rama - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2839956Â ↩
https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2013/11/the-writer-automata/Â ↩
By Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-13018 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5480820Â ↩
Exhibit in the Senator John Heinz History Center, 1212 Smallman Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. There were no restrictions on photography in the museum collections. ↩
By K.I.T.T.1982 - +EST Co.,LTD. Universal Studios LLLP., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3505085Â ↩
By Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (íê”ìì°êž°ì ì°ê”Źì) - http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=020&aid=0000371339, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4362293 ↩
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