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By Kevin McAleer, 3 Minutes
Page last updated May 10, 2025
With a fixed ultrasonic sensor, your robot can only detect whatβs directly in front of it. By mounting the sensor on a servo motor, you can scan the surroundings and make smarter decisions based on a wider field of view.
A servo motor rotates to a specific angle between 0Β° and 180Β°. You control it by sending PWM signals with specific duty cycles that correspond to different angles.
β οΈ Some servos draw a lot of current β consider powering them from the L298N 5V output or a separate regulator.
from machine import Pin, PWM from time import sleep servo = PWM(Pin(10)) servo.freq(50) def set_angle(angle): duty = int(1638 + (angle / 180) * 4912) # Convert 0β180Β° to duty cycle servo.duty_u16(duty) # Sweep while True: for angle in range(0, 181, 15): set_angle(angle) sleep(0.1) for angle in range(180, -1, -15): set_angle(angle) sleep(0.1)
Combine the servo sweep with distance measurement:
from machine import Pin, PWM, time_pulse_us from time import sleep servo = PWM(Pin(10)) servo.freq(50) trigger = Pin(8, Pin.OUT) echo = Pin(9, Pin.IN) def set_angle(angle): duty = int(1638 + (angle / 180) * 4912) servo.duty_u16(duty) sleep(0.15) def get_distance(): trigger.low() sleep(0.002) trigger.high() sleep(0.01) trigger.low() duration = time_pulse_us(echo, 1, 30000) return duration / 58 # Scan and print distance at each angle for angle in range(0, 181, 30): set_angle(angle) dist = get_distance() print(f"Angle: {angle}Β°, Distance: {dist:.1f} cm") sleep(0.2)
Choose direction to turn based on obstacle data
Now your robot can look around before moving β just like a cautious driver!
Next up: Bluetooth Control with HC-05
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