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By Kevin McAleer, 3 Minutes
Data structures in Python are containers that organize and group data types together in different ways. This lesson will cover the primary data structures: strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets.
strings
lists
tuples
dictionaries
sets
Strings are sequences of characters, and they are created by enclosing characters in quotes. Python treats single quotes the same as double quotes1.
Strings
# A string in Python greeting = "Hello, World!" # Accessing characters in a string first_char = greeting[0] print(first_char) # Prints 'H' # Strings are immutable # The following line will raise an error # greeting[0] = 'h'
Lists are ordered and mutable collections, which means you can replace, add or remove elements. Lists can contain items of different data types.
Lists
# Creating a list numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # Accessing list items first_number = numbers[0] print(first_number) # Prints '1' # Modifying a list numbers[0] = 10 print(numbers) # Prints '[10, 2, 3, 4, 5]'
Tuples are similar to lists but they are immutable, which means you can’t change elements of a tuple once it’s defined.
Tuples
# Creating a tuple coordinates = (10.0, 20.0) # Accessing tuple items x_coordinate = coordinates[0] print(x_coordinate) # Prints '10.0' # Tuples are immutable # The following line will raise an error # coordinates[0] = 20.0
Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs. They are mutable and indexed by keys.
Dictionaries
# Creating a dictionary student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 15, 'grade': 'A'} # Accessing dictionary values name = student['name'] print(name) # Prints 'John' # Modifying a dictionary student['age'] = 16 print(student) # Prints "{'name': 'John', 'age': 16, 'grade': 'A'}"
Sets are unordered collections of unique elements. They are mutable, but they cannot contain mutable elements.
Sets
# Creating a set fruits = {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'} # Checking if an element is in the set print('apple' in fruits) # Prints 'True' # Adding an element to the set fruits.add('orange') print(fruits) # May print "{'cherry', 'orange', 'banana', 'apple'}" # Removing an element from the set fruits.remove('apple') print(fruits) # May print "{'cherry', 'orange', 'banana'}"
You’ve learned about Python’s main data structures and how to work with them. These structures are fundamental to organizing and storing data in your Python programs.
It’s best practice to use double quotes, as these anticipate punctuation used in strings such as appostrophies. It’s also part of the Black Python coding best practice ↩
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