Operators

Comparitive operators

By Kevin McAleer,    8 Minutes

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Operators

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Operators are the symbols such as + and -.

There are many types of operators, and we use them to do things like add numbers together, compare numbers and variables, and do some more advanced things that python is good at, like managing sets. We’ll look at those in later tutorials.

Here is a list of all the operators available. Don’t worry if this is overwhelming, you don’t need to know many, and you probably already know a few of the arithmetic ones.

Have a look through these, but don’t worry, there isn’t a test!

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Here are the shortcut links to each of the types of Operators defined below:

Arithmetic Operators Comparison (Relational) Operators Assignment Operators Logical Operators Bitwise Operators Membership Operators Identity Operators

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Arithmetic Operators

In the examples below a = 10, b = 20.

Table of MicroPython Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example
Addition	+	Adds values on either side of the operator.	a + b = 30
Subtraction	-	Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand.	a – b = -10
Multiplication	*	Multiplies values on either side of the operator	a * b = 200
Division	/	Divides left hand operand by right hand operand	b / a = 2.0
Modulus	%	Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder	b % a = 0
Exponent	**	Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators	a**b =10 to the power 20
Floor	//	Floor Division - The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed. But if one of the operands is negative, the result is floored, i.e., rounded away from zero (towards negative infinity)	9//2 = 4 and 9.0//2.0 = 4.0, -11//3 = -4, -11.0//3 = -4.0

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Comparison Operators

Table of MicroPython Comparitive Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example
Equals	==	If the values of two operands are equal, then the condition becomes true.	(a == b) is not true.
Not Equal	!=	If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.	(a != b) is true.
Not Equal	<>	If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.	(a <> b) is true. This is similar to != operator.
Greater than	>	If the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a > b) is not true.
Less than	<	If the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a < b) is true.
Greater or Equal to	>=	If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a >= b) is not true.
Less than or Equal to	<=	If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a <= b) is true.

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Assignment Operators

Table of MicroPython Assignment Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example
Equals	=	Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	a = 10 assigns value of 10 into a
Add AND	+=	It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand	c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
Subtract AND	-=	It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand	c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
Multiply AND	*=	It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand	c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
Divide AND	/=	It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a
Modulus AND	%=	It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand	c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
Exponent AND	**=	Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand	c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a
Floor Division	//=	It performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand	c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a

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Logical Operators

Table of MicroPython Logical Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example
Logical AND	and	If both the operands are true then condition becomes true.	(a and b) is true.
Logical OR	or	If any of the two operands are non-zero then condition becomes true.	(a or b) is true.
Logical NOT	not	Used to reverse the logical state of its operand.	not(a and b) is false.

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Bitwise Operators

In the examples below a = 60, b = 13.

Table of MicroPython Bitwise Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example
Binary AND	&	Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands	(a & b) = 12 (means 0000 1100)
Binary OR	|	It copies a bit if it exists in either operand.	(a | b) = 61 (means 0011 1101)
Binary XOR	^	It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(a ^ b) = 49 (means 0011 0001)
Binary Ones Complement	~	It is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.	(~a ) = -61 (means 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.
Binary Left Shift	<<	The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	a << 2 = 240 (means 1111 0000)
Binary Right Shift	>>	The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	a >> 2 = 15 (means 0000 1111)

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Membership Operators

Table of MicroPython Membership Operators

Operator	Description	Example
in	Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.	x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y.
not in	Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.	x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y.

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Identity Operators

Table of MicroPython Identity Operators

Operator	Description	Example
is	Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise.	x is y, here is results in 1 if id(x) equals id(y).
is not	Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise.	x is not y, here is not results in 1 if id(x) is not equal to id(y).

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